Conteúdo do artigo principal
Resumo
O desenvolvimento motor e as habilidades motoras em crianças autistas ainda permanecem pouco compreendidas. Estudos sugerem fortes relações entre o transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) com déficits do desenvolvimento motor e a aquisição de habilidades motoras, mas apesar disso, ainda hoje, essa questão não é considerada como critério diagnóstico. Fator intrigante entre os pesquisadores da área. A presente pesquisa realizou uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura (RIL), com o objetivo de relacionar estudos sobre o desenvolvimento motor e a aquisição das habilidades motoras em crianças com TEA quando comparadas com crianças típicas. A pesquisa foi relizada na base de dados do Pub Med, através dos descritores “autismo” e “desenvolvimento motor” e “habilidades motoras”, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram selecionados quinze artigos para análise. Os estudos incluídos apresentam um consenso razoável sobre a existência de atrasos motores em crianças com TEA, contudo em sua quase unanimidade, apontam para a necessidade de pesquisas mais aprofundadas por motivos diversos, seja pelo baixo número de participantes ou pelas dificuldades de isolar as caracterísitcas autísticas, em seus diferentes níveis.
Palavras-chave
Detalhes do artigo
Os artigos submetidos a Revista Perspectivas Online: Biológicas & saúde serão disponibilizados de forma gratuita na Internet, para que os usuários possam ler, fazer download, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, pesquisar ou referenciar o texto integral dos documentos, processá-los para indexação, utilizá-los como dados de entrada de programas para softwares, ou usá-los para qualquer outro propósito legal, sem barreira financeira, legal ou técnica.
1) Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
2) Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
3) Autores têm permissão para publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) após o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado.
Referências
- ADRIEN, J. L., LENOIR, P., MARTINEAU, J., PERROT, A., HAMEURY, L., LARMANDE, C., & SAUVAGE, D. Blind ratings of early symptoms of autism based upon family home movies. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(3), 617–626, 1993.
- ALANIZ, M.L.; GALIT, E.; NECESITO, C.I.; & ROSARIO, E.R. Hand Strength, Handwriting, and Functional Skills in Children With Autism. Am J Occup Ther. Jul-Aug;69 (4).2015.
- AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
- ASSUMPÇÃO JÚNIOR, F. B.; & KUCZYNSKI, F. Autismo infantil: novas tendências e perspectivas. 2 ed. Atheneu, 2015.
- CHINELLO, A.; DI GANGI, V.; & VALENZA, E. Persistent primary reflexes affect motor acts: Potential implications for autism spectrum disorder, Research in Developmental Disabilities. V.83: 287-295, 2018.
- FAIGENBAUM, A.D.; WESTCOTT, W.L.; LOUD, R.L.; & LONG, C. The Effects of Different Resistance Training Protocols on Muscular Strength and Endurance Development in Children. Pediatrics. Jul;104(1):e5. 1999.
- FAIGENBAUM, A.D.; LLOYD, R.S.; MACDONALD, J.; & MYER, G.D. Citius, altius, fortius: beneficial effects of resistance training for young athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine. Jan;50(1):3-7. 2016.
- HARRIS, S.R. Early motor delays as diagnostic clues in autism spectrum disorder. European journal of pediatrics, v. 176, n. 9, p. 1259-1262, 2017.
- HELLENDOORN, A.; WIJNROKS, L.; VAN DAALEN, E.; DIETZ, C.; BUITELAAR, J.K.; & LESEMAN, P. Motor functioning, exploration, visuospatial cognition and language development in preschool children with autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities. V.39: 32-42, 2015.
- IVERSON, J. M., & WOZNIAK, R. H. Variation in vocal-motor development in infant siblings of children with autism. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 37(1), 158–170, 2007.
- IVERSON, J. M.; SHIC, F.; WALL, C.A.; CHAWARSKA,K.; CURTIN, S.; ESTES, A.; GARDNER, J.M.; HUTMAN, T.; LANDA, R.J.; LEVIN, A.R.; LIBERTUS, K.; MESSINGER, D.S.; NELSON, C.A.; OZONOFF, S.; SACREY, L-A.R.; SHEPERD, K.; STONE, W.L.; TAGER-FLUSBERG, H.B.; WOLFF, J.J.; …YOUNG, G.S. Early motor abilities in infants at heightened vs. low risk for ASD: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium (BSRC) study. J Abnorm Psychol. V.128 (1): 69-80, 2019.
- IZADI-NAJAFABADI, S.; MIRZAKHANI-ARAGHI, N.; MIRI-LAVASANI, N.; NEJATI, V.; & PASHAZADEH-AZARI, Z. Implicit and explicit motor learning: Application to children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Research in developmental disabilities, v. 47, p. 284-296, 2015.
- KANNER, L. Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child, 2, 217–250, 1943.
- KETCHESON, L.; HAUCK, J.; & ULRICH, D. The effects of an early motor skill intervention on motor skills, levels of physical activity, and socialization in young children with autism spectrum disorder: a pilot study. Autism, V. 21 issue: 4, page(s): 481-492. 2016.
- LANDA, R. J., GROSS, A. L., STUART, E. A., & BAUMAN, M. Latent class analysis of early developmental trajectory in baby siblings of children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53(9), 986–996, 2012.
- Le BARTON, E. S.; & LANDA, R. J. Infant motor skill predicts later expressive language and autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Infant Behavior and Development. V.54: 37-47, 2019.
- LESINSKI, M. PRIESKE, O.; & GRANACHER, U. EFFECTS and dose-response relationships of resistance training on Physical performance in youth athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Sports Med; 50(13): 781-95, 2016.
- LOH, A.; SOMAN, T.; BRIAN, J.; BRYSON, S. E.; ROBERTS, W.; SZATMARI, P.; SMITH, I.M.; & ZWAIGENBAUM, L. Stereotyped motor behaviors associated with autism in high-risk infants: A pilot videotape analysis of a sibling sample. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(1), 25–36, 2007.
- LLOYD, R.S.; FAIGENBAUM, A.D.; STONE, M.H.; OLIVER, J.L.; JEFFREYS, I.; MOODY, J.A.; BREWER, C.; PIERCE, K.C.; MACCAMBRIDGE, T.M.; HOWARD, R.; HERRINGTON, L.; HAINLINE, B.; MICHELI, L.J.; JAQUES, R.; KRAEMER, W.J.; MCBRIDE, M.G.; BEST, T.M.; CHU, D.A.; ALVAR, B.A.; & MYER, G.D. Position statement on youth resistance training: the 2014 international consensus. Br. J. Sports Med; 48:498-505. 2014.
- LLOYD, R.S.; CRONIN, J.B.; FAIGENBAUM, A.D.; et al. National Strength and Conditioning Association position statement on long-term athletic development. J. Strength Cond. Res. 30:1491-509. 2016.
- MAESTRO, S., MURATORI, F., CESARI, A., CAVALLARO, M. C., PAZIENTE, A., PECINI, C., … SOMMARIO, C. Course of autism signs in the first year of life. Psychopathology, 38(1), 26–31, 2005.
- MANICOLO, O.; BROTZMANN, M.; ARX, P. H.; GROB, A.; WEBER,P. Gat in children with infantile/atypical autism: age-dependent decrease in gait variability and associations with motors skills. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. V. 23, issue 1, p 117-125, 2019.
- MERCADANTE, M.T.; LECKMAN, J.F. More than two dozen “autisms”. Rev. Bras. Psiquiatric. Vol.35, n.1. São Paulo. 2013.
- MOSCONI, M.W. Feedforward and feedback motor control abnormalities implicate cerebellar dysfunctions in autism spectrum disorder. J Neurosci. Feb 4;35(5):2015-25. 2015.
- MOSCONI, M.W.; SWEENEY, J. A. Sensorimotor dysfunctions as primary features of autism spectrum disorders. Sci China Life Sci. V. 58(10):1016-23, 2015
- ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DA SAÚDE, Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2017. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disorders acesso em: abril 2020.
- ORNITZ, E. M., GUTHRIE, D., & FARLEY, A. H. The early development of autistic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 7(3), 207–229, 1977.
- PAQUET, A. et al. Current knowledge on motor disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Child neuropsychology, v. 22, n. 7, p. 763-794, 2016.
- PAQUET, A.; OLLIAC, B.; GOLSE, B.; VAIVRE-DOURET, L. Nature of motor impairments in autism spectrum disorder: A comparison with developmental coordination disorder. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. V. 41(1):1-14, 2019.
- PEÑAHERRERA, Carlos & SORIA, Jaime. Pregunta de investigación y estrategia PICOT. Medicina. 19. 66-69. 10.23878/medicina.v19i1.647, 2015.
- PRESTES, J. et al. Comparison of linear and reverse linear periodization effects on maximal strength and body composition. J of Strength and Cond Res; 23: 266-274, 2016.
- PUSPONEGORO, Hardiono D. et al. Gross motor profile and its association with socialization skills in children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics & Neonatology, v. 57, n. 6, p. 501-507, 2016.
- RELVAS, M.P. Neurociências e transtornos de aprendizagem: as múltiplas eficiências para uma educação inclusiva. Sao Paulo. 6 ed. Wak. 2015.
- SRINIVASAN, S. M.; BHAT, A. N. Differences in means-end exploration between infants at risk for autism and typically developing infants in the first 15 months of life. Dev. Psychobiol. V. 61 (2): 203-215, 2019.
- STEVENSON, J. L.; LINDLEY, C. E.; MURLO, N. Retrospectively assessed early motor and current pragmatic language skills in autistic and neurotypical children. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 124(4):777-794, 2017
- TRAVERS, B. G.; BIGLER, E. D.; DUFFIELD, T. C.; PRIGGE, M. D. B.; FROEHLICH, A. L.; LANGE, N.; ALEXANDER, A. L.; LAINHART, J. E. Longitudinal development of manual motor ability in autism spectrum disorder from childhood to mid-adulthood relates to adaptive daily living skills. Developmental Science. V.20, issue 4: 1-15, 2017.
- WANG, Z. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder show abnormalities during initial and subsequent phases of precision gripping. J Neurophysiol. Apr 1;113(7):1989-2001.2015.
- WATT, N., WETHERBY, A., BARBER, A., & MORGAN, L. Repetitive and stereotyped behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders in the second year of life. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(8), 1518–1533, 2008.
- WHITEMORE, Robin; KNAFL, Kathleen. The integrative review: updated methodology. Journal of Advanced Nursing, v.52, n.5, p. 546–553, 2005.
- WILSON, R.B.; Mc CRACKEN, J.T.; RINEHART, N.J.; JESTE, S.S. What’s missing in autism spectrum disorder motor assessments? J Neurodevelop Disord 10, 33. 2018.
- ZDROWIA, L. O. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and Youth Version: ICF- CY. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2007.
Referências
ADRIEN, J. L., LENOIR, P., MARTINEAU, J., PERROT, A., HAMEURY, L., LARMANDE, C., & SAUVAGE, D. Blind ratings of early symptoms of autism based upon family home movies. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(3), 617–626, 1993.
ALANIZ, M.L.; GALIT, E.; NECESITO, C.I.; & ROSARIO, E.R. Hand Strength, Handwriting, and Functional Skills in Children With Autism. Am J Occup Ther. Jul-Aug;69 (4).2015.
AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
ASSUMPÇÃO JÚNIOR, F. B.; & KUCZYNSKI, F. Autismo infantil: novas tendências e perspectivas. 2 ed. Atheneu, 2015.
CHINELLO, A.; DI GANGI, V.; & VALENZA, E. Persistent primary reflexes affect motor acts: Potential implications for autism spectrum disorder, Research in Developmental Disabilities. V.83: 287-295, 2018.
FAIGENBAUM, A.D.; WESTCOTT, W.L.; LOUD, R.L.; & LONG, C. The Effects of Different Resistance Training Protocols on Muscular Strength and Endurance Development in Children. Pediatrics. Jul;104(1):e5. 1999.
FAIGENBAUM, A.D.; LLOYD, R.S.; MACDONALD, J.; & MYER, G.D. Citius, altius, fortius: beneficial effects of resistance training for young athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine. Jan;50(1):3-7. 2016.
HARRIS, S.R. Early motor delays as diagnostic clues in autism spectrum disorder. European journal of pediatrics, v. 176, n. 9, p. 1259-1262, 2017.
HELLENDOORN, A.; WIJNROKS, L.; VAN DAALEN, E.; DIETZ, C.; BUITELAAR, J.K.; & LESEMAN, P. Motor functioning, exploration, visuospatial cognition and language development in preschool children with autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities. V.39: 32-42, 2015.
IVERSON, J. M., & WOZNIAK, R. H. Variation in vocal-motor development in infant siblings of children with autism. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 37(1), 158–170, 2007.
IVERSON, J. M.; SHIC, F.; WALL, C.A.; CHAWARSKA,K.; CURTIN, S.; ESTES, A.; GARDNER, J.M.; HUTMAN, T.; LANDA, R.J.; LEVIN, A.R.; LIBERTUS, K.; MESSINGER, D.S.; NELSON, C.A.; OZONOFF, S.; SACREY, L-A.R.; SHEPERD, K.; STONE, W.L.; TAGER-FLUSBERG, H.B.; WOLFF, J.J.; …YOUNG, G.S. Early motor abilities in infants at heightened vs. low risk for ASD: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium (BSRC) study. J Abnorm Psychol. V.128 (1): 69-80, 2019.
IZADI-NAJAFABADI, S.; MIRZAKHANI-ARAGHI, N.; MIRI-LAVASANI, N.; NEJATI, V.; & PASHAZADEH-AZARI, Z. Implicit and explicit motor learning: Application to children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Research in developmental disabilities, v. 47, p. 284-296, 2015.
KANNER, L. Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child, 2, 217–250, 1943.
KETCHESON, L.; HAUCK, J.; & ULRICH, D. The effects of an early motor skill intervention on motor skills, levels of physical activity, and socialization in young children with autism spectrum disorder: a pilot study. Autism, V. 21 issue: 4, page(s): 481-492. 2016.
LANDA, R. J., GROSS, A. L., STUART, E. A., & BAUMAN, M. Latent class analysis of early developmental trajectory in baby siblings of children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53(9), 986–996, 2012.
Le BARTON, E. S.; & LANDA, R. J. Infant motor skill predicts later expressive language and autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Infant Behavior and Development. V.54: 37-47, 2019.
LESINSKI, M. PRIESKE, O.; & GRANACHER, U. EFFECTS and dose-response relationships of resistance training on Physical performance in youth athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Sports Med; 50(13): 781-95, 2016.
LOH, A.; SOMAN, T.; BRIAN, J.; BRYSON, S. E.; ROBERTS, W.; SZATMARI, P.; SMITH, I.M.; & ZWAIGENBAUM, L. Stereotyped motor behaviors associated with autism in high-risk infants: A pilot videotape analysis of a sibling sample. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(1), 25–36, 2007.
LLOYD, R.S.; FAIGENBAUM, A.D.; STONE, M.H.; OLIVER, J.L.; JEFFREYS, I.; MOODY, J.A.; BREWER, C.; PIERCE, K.C.; MACCAMBRIDGE, T.M.; HOWARD, R.; HERRINGTON, L.; HAINLINE, B.; MICHELI, L.J.; JAQUES, R.; KRAEMER, W.J.; MCBRIDE, M.G.; BEST, T.M.; CHU, D.A.; ALVAR, B.A.; & MYER, G.D. Position statement on youth resistance training: the 2014 international consensus. Br. J. Sports Med; 48:498-505. 2014.
LLOYD, R.S.; CRONIN, J.B.; FAIGENBAUM, A.D.; et al. National Strength and Conditioning Association position statement on long-term athletic development. J. Strength Cond. Res. 30:1491-509. 2016.
MAESTRO, S., MURATORI, F., CESARI, A., CAVALLARO, M. C., PAZIENTE, A., PECINI, C., … SOMMARIO, C. Course of autism signs in the first year of life. Psychopathology, 38(1), 26–31, 2005.
MANICOLO, O.; BROTZMANN, M.; ARX, P. H.; GROB, A.; WEBER,P. Gat in children with infantile/atypical autism: age-dependent decrease in gait variability and associations with motors skills. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. V. 23, issue 1, p 117-125, 2019.
MERCADANTE, M.T.; LECKMAN, J.F. More than two dozen “autisms”. Rev. Bras. Psiquiatric. Vol.35, n.1. São Paulo. 2013.
MOSCONI, M.W. Feedforward and feedback motor control abnormalities implicate cerebellar dysfunctions in autism spectrum disorder. J Neurosci. Feb 4;35(5):2015-25. 2015.
MOSCONI, M.W.; SWEENEY, J. A. Sensorimotor dysfunctions as primary features of autism spectrum disorders. Sci China Life Sci. V. 58(10):1016-23, 2015
ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DA SAÚDE, Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2017. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disorders acesso em: abril 2020.
ORNITZ, E. M., GUTHRIE, D., & FARLEY, A. H. The early development of autistic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 7(3), 207–229, 1977.
PAQUET, A. et al. Current knowledge on motor disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Child neuropsychology, v. 22, n. 7, p. 763-794, 2016.
PAQUET, A.; OLLIAC, B.; GOLSE, B.; VAIVRE-DOURET, L. Nature of motor impairments in autism spectrum disorder: A comparison with developmental coordination disorder. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. V. 41(1):1-14, 2019.
PEÑAHERRERA, Carlos & SORIA, Jaime. Pregunta de investigación y estrategia PICOT. Medicina. 19. 66-69. 10.23878/medicina.v19i1.647, 2015.
PRESTES, J. et al. Comparison of linear and reverse linear periodization effects on maximal strength and body composition. J of Strength and Cond Res; 23: 266-274, 2016.
PUSPONEGORO, Hardiono D. et al. Gross motor profile and its association with socialization skills in children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics & Neonatology, v. 57, n. 6, p. 501-507, 2016.
RELVAS, M.P. Neurociências e transtornos de aprendizagem: as múltiplas eficiências para uma educação inclusiva. Sao Paulo. 6 ed. Wak. 2015.
SRINIVASAN, S. M.; BHAT, A. N. Differences in means-end exploration between infants at risk for autism and typically developing infants in the first 15 months of life. Dev. Psychobiol. V. 61 (2): 203-215, 2019.
STEVENSON, J. L.; LINDLEY, C. E.; MURLO, N. Retrospectively assessed early motor and current pragmatic language skills in autistic and neurotypical children. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 124(4):777-794, 2017
TRAVERS, B. G.; BIGLER, E. D.; DUFFIELD, T. C.; PRIGGE, M. D. B.; FROEHLICH, A. L.; LANGE, N.; ALEXANDER, A. L.; LAINHART, J. E. Longitudinal development of manual motor ability in autism spectrum disorder from childhood to mid-adulthood relates to adaptive daily living skills. Developmental Science. V.20, issue 4: 1-15, 2017.
WANG, Z. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder show abnormalities during initial and subsequent phases of precision gripping. J Neurophysiol. Apr 1;113(7):1989-2001.2015.
WATT, N., WETHERBY, A., BARBER, A., & MORGAN, L. Repetitive and stereotyped behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders in the second year of life. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(8), 1518–1533, 2008.
WHITEMORE, Robin; KNAFL, Kathleen. The integrative review: updated methodology. Journal of Advanced Nursing, v.52, n.5, p. 546–553, 2005.
WILSON, R.B.; Mc CRACKEN, J.T.; RINEHART, N.J.; JESTE, S.S. What’s missing in autism spectrum disorder motor assessments? J Neurodevelop Disord 10, 33. 2018.
ZDROWIA, L. O. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and Youth Version: ICF- CY. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2007.